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Durham makes an excellent daytrip from nearby Newcastle, or York. It is a cathedral city, founded in 995 by Anglo-Saxon monks who sought a safe place to house the relics of St. Cuthbert away from Viking raids. Historically, Durham was known for the manufacture of hosiery, carpets, and mustard.
Durham Cathedral is a masterpiece of Norman architecture. Built between 1093 and 1133, Durham Cathedral is one of the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in Europe. Its design features massive rounded arches, thick walls, and rib-vaulted ceilings. The central nave is flanked by aisles, creating a sense of grandeur and spaciousness.
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Stunning Features: The Galloping Horse sculpture, located on the south porch, is a popular attraction. It depicts a horse and rider in motion. The Rose Window in the west end is a magnificent circular stained glass window with intricate designs. The ribbed vaults of the choir and transepts showcase remarkable craftsmanship.
St. Cuthbert’s Shrine: The cathedral houses the tomb of St. Cuthbert, a revered 7th-century saint and bishop of Lindisfarne. Pilgrims have visited the shrine for centuries, seeking healing and spiritual solace.
World Heritage Site: In 1986, UNESCO designated Durham Cathedral and the adjacent Durham Castle as a World Heritage Site. The cathedral’s significance extends beyond its architectural beauty—it represents the spiritual heart of the region.
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Breathtaking Views: Climb the central tower for panoramic views of the city, the River Wear, and the surrounding countryside. The tower ascent is a memorable experience, revealing the intricacies of the cathedral’s construction.
The original church built by the monks lasted only a century. It was later replaced by the magnificent Durham Cathedral, which stands today as a UNESCO World Heritage Site alongside Durham Castle.
From the 1070s until 1836, Durham was part of the County Palatine of Durham, a semi-independent jurisdiction ruled by the prince bishops of Durham. It acted as a geopolitical buffer between the kingdoms of England and Scotland.
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Geography and Architecture: The city is situated on a meander of the River Wear, which surrounds it on three sides, creating a narrow neck on the fourth. The surrounding land is hilly, except along the Wear’s floodplain to the north and southeast.
Industrial Legacy: During the Industrial Revolution, the Durham coalfield was heavily exploited, with numerous collieries operating around the city and nearby villages. Although the coal pits have now closed, the annual Durham Miners’ Gala remains a significant event for the city and region.
Education and Culture: Durham University, founded in 1832, contributes to the city’s vibrant intellectual and cultural life.
